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(a) In the frontal lobe creative ideas occur, Wilson’s disease is due to damage of the lenticular nucleus.Įach lobe of cerebral hemisphere performs specific functions: Parkinson’s disease occurs due to damage of the basal ganglia. (iv) Control of automatic associated movements and
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(ii) Control of reflex muscular activity, (i) Control of the movements during voluntary motor activity, The main functions of the basal ganglia are: The lenticular nucleus is also a part of basal ganglia. The corpus striatum, the largest nucleus in the basal ganglia is a mass of grey matter situated at the base of the cerebral hemispheres in close relation to the thalamus. (An association area is a portion of the cerebral cortex that neither receives direct sensory stimuli nor directly initiates motor impulses instead, it appears to process and interpret sensory impulses).īasal ganglia are the scattered masses of grey matter, submerged in the subcortical substance of cerebral hemispheres. Other functional areas of the cerebrum include the visual association area in the occipital area, parietal association area in the parietal lobe, the frontal association area in the frontal lobe and temporal association area in the temporal lobe. The motor speech area (also called Broca’s motor speech area) lies in the frontal lobe. The nerve impulses from the tongue are interpreted here. The taste area lies in the parietal lobe above the lateral sulcus in the post central (sensory) area. It receives the impulses from the nose via olfactory nerve and interprets them. The olfactory (smell) area lies deep within the temporal lobe. The visual area lies in the greater part of occipital lobe. Wernicke’s area is usually located in the left temporal lobe that plays a role in understanding speech and writing words. The auditory (hearing) area lies immediately below the lateral sulcus in the temporal lobe. The sensory speech area is situated in the lower part of the parietal lobe and extends into the temporal lobe. It perceives sensations of pain, temperature, pressure and touch. The post central (sensory) area (= somaesthetic area) lies in the parietal lobe immediately posterior to the central sulcus. The nerve cells are called pyramidal cells which initiate the contraction of voluntary muscles. The pre-central (motor) area lies in the frontal lobe immediately anterior to the central sulcus. Thus the associated areas are involved in memory, learning and reasoning, They interpret the input, store the input and initiate a response in light of similar past experience. They receive impulses from the receptors. In each cerebral hemisphere, there are present three types of functional areas: The parieto-occipital sulcus separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe. The lateral sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe. The central sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe. Each cerebral hemisphere of the cerebrum is divided into four lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes. Hence they are collectively called White matter.Ī very deep fissure, the longitudinal fissure, separates the two cerebral hemispheres. The large concentration of medullated nerve fibres gives this tissue an opaque white appearance. The upward folds, or gyri (sing, gyrus), alternate with the downward grooves, or sulci (sing, sulcus).īeneath the grey matter there are present millions of medullated nerve fibres, connecting the neurons of the cerebral cortex with those located elsewhere in the brain. The surface of the cortex is greatly folded. The outer portion of cerebrum is called the cerebral cortex that makes up the grey matter of the cerebrum. Left cerebral hemisphere is smaller than the right. The fornix is a paired structure, one of which is present in each hemisphere. Posteriorly the corpus callosum curves ventrally to form rounded splenium which joins a fibrous strip called fornix. Anteriorly the corpus callosum is folded back to form the genu.